tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34279545566954205152024-03-19T01:27:43.173+02:00Kalevan ja Untamon geenitMaurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comBlogger238125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-10932553699287706012024-03-18T13:54:00.003+02:002024-03-18T15:48:00.150+02:00New study drills down to the Scandinavian prehistory<p> <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.13.584607v1">A new study</a> sheds light on the development of Scandinavian settlement from the late Neolithic period to modern times. The research aims to evaluate the genomic results partly also from the perspectives of linguistics and archaeology. The research is so extensive that getting familiar with it takes a lot of time, so I won't even try to draw conclusions here. A few points already at this point. The term East Scandinavian created in the study mainly means the area of Sweden. Its counterweight is southern Scandinavia, mainly meaning the Danish region. The mixing of these areas into modern Scandinavians took place 3000-4000 years ago in southern Scandinavia. On the basis of this, it must be assumed that the migration took place from north to south, which was also brought up in <a href="https://terheninenmaa.blogspot.com/2023/12/preprint-allentoft-et-al-2024.html?m=1">the previous study</a> dealing with the issue. From the point of view of linguistics, the interesting question of where the Scandinavian and Germanic language group was born still remains open, even though the issue is sidestepped cross-disciplinaryly by means of genetics. No more than Eastern Sweden and the Western Baltic can be reached here, and no evidence is presented. From the point of view of Finland, two samples from Ostrobothnia are interestingly found in the new material, which at a quick look look more like Finns, in contrast to previous Sami and Scandinavian type samples from the same area. In itself, the fact that all these genotypes can be found in the same area in Ostrobothnia is not surprising, because the area was the starting point of the eastern trade route of the Scandinavians before it moved to the Gulf of Finland and the Daugava river.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-75901778310356665282024-02-19T22:24:00.001+02:002024-02-19T22:33:30.269+02:00Razib Khan's special interest in Finnish culture/ancestry <p> Razib Khan is a Pakistani-American genetist being active in population genetics and has a long work history in creating tools for consumer business in that area. I have followed his online writings and impact in creating software tools for companies selling genetic ancestry analyses. All the time he has had a special interest in Finnish culture and genetic history. It has been pleasure to read his wonderful visions about us and see the progress in his comprehension. Read and enjoy about his latest writings.</p><p><a href="https://www.razibkhan.com/p/finnish-brains-baiting-and-bottlenecks">https://www.razibkhan.com/p/finnish-brains-baiting-and-bottlenecks</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.razibkhan.com/p/weirdness-as-a-national-pastime">https://www.razibkhan.com/p/weirdness-as-a-national-pastime</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.razibkhan.com/p/go-west-young-siberian">https://www.razibkhan.com/p/go-west-young-siberian</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.razibkhan.com/p/from-deepest-siberia-to-europes-edge">https://www.razibkhan.com/p/from-deepest-siberia-to-europes-edge</a><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.razibkhan.com/p/frontier-finns-cabins-rakes-and-indians">https://www.razibkhan.com/p/frontier-finns-cabins-rakes-and-indians</a><br /></p><p>Razib Khans blog: <a href="https://www.gnxp.com/">https://www.gnxp.com/</a></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-28385921708098263962024-01-03T16:10:00.002+02:002024-01-03T19:42:37.521+02:00Nothing new in Sweden since the Bronze Age?<p> Thanks to Danish researchers for releasing Scandinavian Bronze Age samples, available at ENA. I downloaded bam files of those Scandinavian Bronze Age I1 men mentioned in my previous post, processed them and ran a PCA plot, including present-day Europeans. Here is a screenshot of the study preprint picture of corresponding samples:</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYe1tY0d3qaeXck1XuDdVD2Ip5PBci3YJusH-h53m8TQNjzn69AVuOptns2v8Tg_wcwOQ87OFMH-q948-1TaMeYS9pz7cJPrg9qYkoZ3QKt2mUXmb-sOM4SXOxyvBCEbM-kRihwgyMPaYlj7IWU0AaZIsqWnBd2StSrqKP0MJarYGnMZOjMzP8vlj/s1597/Screenshot_20240103-151517~2.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="1597" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqYe1tY0d3qaeXck1XuDdVD2Ip5PBci3YJusH-h53m8TQNjzn69AVuOptns2v8Tg_wcwOQ87OFMH-q948-1TaMeYS9pz7cJPrg9qYkoZ3QKt2mUXmb-sOM4SXOxyvBCEbM-kRihwgyMPaYlj7IWU0AaZIsqWnBd2StSrqKP0MJarYGnMZOjMzP8vlj/w320-h101/Screenshot_20240103-151517~2.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>The plot (below) shows evidently that all those I1 samples locate in the same position with present-day Swedes, excluding Swedish individuals showing Finnish influence. The similarity with Swedes after 3000-4000 years actually a bit surprises me. Deeper eigenvectors show a bit more western tendency, though. Pity I have no modern Danish samples to compare with them. Finnish I1 samples don't differ in any aspect from the modern Finnish population, which is an expected result and shows identical impact of long-term local influence as it has been the case also in Sweden, see the preprint picture where the BA I1 sample group diverges from the ancient Central European sample group.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbVQt6yQ1msbToKwMS_fUwves_AF0gylGBRFU2kTp_Cin1Bp_ktOcDTCEnqh8gVEJl2cMcIUSDmkmQzevEbo5blXfEIfRu6WQbyKA-znJlqiXyhyZSDQ6tccWDsr_6LEpnHZtcRrVfPwOm_5sr3ScDRJc1JkWrgcmqRNnV8no2nH7wJggONvZmXgH2/s1227/ploy1.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="881" data-original-width="1227" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbVQt6yQ1msbToKwMS_fUwves_AF0gylGBRFU2kTp_Cin1Bp_ktOcDTCEnqh8gVEJl2cMcIUSDmkmQzevEbo5blXfEIfRu6WQbyKA-znJlqiXyhyZSDQ6tccWDsr_6LEpnHZtcRrVfPwOm_5sr3ScDRJc1JkWrgcmqRNnV8no2nH7wJggONvZmXgH2/s320/ploy1.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-2836929498210251702023-12-20T15:44:00.010+02:002023-12-20T20:31:51.488+02:00Preprint Allentoft et al. 2024<p><a href="https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/api/core/bitstreams/f5cc2d40-92a4-4e62-8822-680417c580a5/content">The preprint</a> of the study estimates the age of the I1 male population of Southern Scandinavia to be around 4000 years and defines the direction of their arrival as northeast. The time period coincides with the late Scandinavian Neolithic (Scandinavian Dagger Period) and the early Scandinavian Bronze Age. The newcomers are connected to the stone cist burial, a new type of burial common in southern Scandinavia. The burial method in question was common in Gotland as well, and the oldest graves in this area in Estonia are associated with western influences and migration from the west (<i>interestingly, the Gotland saga, Gutasaga, mentions a migration to an island in Estonia, probably to Saaremaa and also to Poland. Then the Danish prehistorical tradition tells about elite groups who migrated from the north, warred against jutes and beat them. They formed the root of Danes</i>). Later, the Scandinavian influence decreased in Estonia and a new burial method, the Tarand burial, took its place.</p><p>Today's oldest I1 clades based on living human samples are 4600 years old. The oldest I1 samples based on ancient DNA are 7000-7500 years old and were found in Gotland (Stora Förvar 11) and Hungary (BAB5). The Hungarian sample exclusively represents the early European Neolithic population, while the Gotland sample represents mainly local hunter-gatherers, but with a piquant European Neolithic addition. As a side note, Sweden's most common clade, L22, is 3900 years old according to the Yfull website, the main group of Finnish I1 men is 2300 years old and its upstream group is 2800 years old. Regarding to the Estonian I1 we know only the size of proportion, because so far the research has shed light only on clades of Estonian haplotypes N1 and R1a. The proportion of Estonian I1 is 15% according to earlier studies.</p><p><br /></p><p>Stone cist graves in Gotland</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGcmYKE9VJ7-fuxMSsl4gjcZ5m21y0pS_oUvCeVupTtgZDaBUB_V5YFf4kXubbsCEpnAV3HvkP-_ddEakVeo_a4DGI6AThXMNAVJ_NE9ilRDxF0DKdNAm-XhcrDCIUkiaVit7awt5vI-EH8hSyPVAFuNJrQ2dGyre9zs0xnwZTxngjqzqcTHf2P0D/s803/1-s2.0-S2352409X1730737X-gr2.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="359" data-original-width="803" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNGcmYKE9VJ7-fuxMSsl4gjcZ5m21y0pS_oUvCeVupTtgZDaBUB_V5YFf4kXubbsCEpnAV3HvkP-_ddEakVeo_a4DGI6AThXMNAVJ_NE9ilRDxF0DKdNAm-XhcrDCIUkiaVit7awt5vI-EH8hSyPVAFuNJrQ2dGyre9zs0xnwZTxngjqzqcTHf2P0D/s320/1-s2.0-S2352409X1730737X-gr2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Stone cist graves in Estonia</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BFyR0X2vSRh6NjkPdF323J3BTI41zK02c-LX9qM3g1KVGBJXGABKoVbpHqKnLDK5wsQLFsuqmmDiuOs43wOteQkb_pV5DOjHUhZHH6TmieRBr7nof5Rlq-u5767CI_YPMIbsFE-pg9Jo7XCXWhb2Yj5heM_qJREh1ni3kc816kCl4N97hanv_xaM/s720/Screenshot_20231214-200425-967.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="720" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3BFyR0X2vSRh6NjkPdF323J3BTI41zK02c-LX9qM3g1KVGBJXGABKoVbpHqKnLDK5wsQLFsuqmmDiuOs43wOteQkb_pV5DOjHUhZHH6TmieRBr7nof5Rlq-u5767CI_YPMIbsFE-pg9Jo7XCXWhb2Yj5heM_qJREh1ni3kc816kCl4N97hanv_xaM/s320/Screenshot_20231214-200425-967.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Estonian Tarand graves, usually connected to the Baltic Finnic migration from the east. Tarand graves followed the stone cist period. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoIE-OMCHi1sGfEsqT4Ulm8B5LZWZdndvFOIJ9eFuWflSU_-bYyk4WlKpRfkh4AbLzunZC4OFZWoYoIv7olwSYQkFT-2qRGZvCLHll6UgFWp7zEayZIa-OkvjNbiPlo0u7weLz2aLosCQKPA2Ii6Ftozqzdid172xjBdBKZc7SK0O0kE8CJSyhtiQw/s720/Screenshot_20231214-204347-588.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="720" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoIE-OMCHi1sGfEsqT4Ulm8B5LZWZdndvFOIJ9eFuWflSU_-bYyk4WlKpRfkh4AbLzunZC4OFZWoYoIv7olwSYQkFT-2qRGZvCLHll6UgFWp7zEayZIa-OkvjNbiPlo0u7weLz2aLosCQKPA2Ii6Ftozqzdid172xjBdBKZc7SK0O0kE8CJSyhtiQw/s320/Screenshot_20231214-204347-588.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>In Finland, Bronze Age graves are common, there are thousands of discovered Bronze Age graves and stone cairns assumed to be graves, but I could not find maps specific to the grave type. After reading several archaeological studies related to stone cist burials, I am still unsure of their origin and historical chronology. One of the reasons for this may be that archaeologists did basic research in both Finland and Sweden before the digital revolution, and these studies are not available online.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-85679675627284336292023-12-06T17:10:00.002+02:002023-12-06T17:10:36.001+02:00Finnish ydna samples on the autosomal map<p><br /></p><p>In his own abstract, A. Pruessner presents the geographical distribution of the autosomal inheritance of Finnish ydna. I have been waiting for academic research on this topic for a long time. What is being said now about the division of the N haplogroup into eastern and southwestern groups has been known for more than 10 years based on Ftdna's project data, so the presentation does not bring much new information to those interested in the matter. Pruessner's abstract does not say much about the geography of other haplogroups. Of course, for example I1 forms geographical clusters, but mainly from a common Finnish root. On the other hand, the origin of the N1 clusters refers to different angles of entry into the Finnish area. Inspired by Pruessner's presentation, I decided to do a PCA analysis using Finnish samples from the 1000genones project as data. The data includes 38 male samples out of a total of 99 samples. Due to the brevity of the ydna data in the material, I cut the definition to two characters (N1, I1, R1, one I2 removed), even if a more precise result would have been possible in some of the samples. I also did the same test with the narrower Eurogenes data. As a final conclusion, excluding ouliers in R1 and N1, two in both, it can be stated that the autosomal distribution of all yDna groups seems to be more or less similar in the entire Finnish population, although the narrower Eurogenes data points I1 towards Scandinavia and R1 towards Eastern Europe.</p><p>Figures:</p><p>1 Pruessner's abstract</p><p>2 PCA based on Eurogenes global data</p><p>3 PCA based on 1000genomes, West Eurasian view</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsGH_Mraw4gMS3eDQCLzHZ95jUYjLK8JmhNKhjNLIyHToFk0x652_GYeS0993oP85c4MxqJ7C9lCkJLu6O7YlT6WJqWlFZrTmsVz4273pOq3hdOzg1JdB4lrPU38gXSvw_SzImsH_odA/s720/Screenshot_20231122-110751-885.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggr5nSbGeLxTTdKfXQBZCml0RUJbu1aCeAnedQhi3JvfLq4BJRf8oeRVnhsjQ3_Ls06fXAkXo4Kwfw0_heIILpptzyoBfRBI2UFTRTWRUlJuPoJTnKvvU1CkAYsWEnACtwKkWn3wbQtodsaSiughSthfjIsB08aHsj5C3okH_wsEbSejULGv4m5qgL/s720/Screenshot_20231122-110751-885.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="673" data-original-width="720" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggr5nSbGeLxTTdKfXQBZCml0RUJbu1aCeAnedQhi3JvfLq4BJRf8oeRVnhsjQ3_Ls06fXAkXo4Kwfw0_heIILpptzyoBfRBI2UFTRTWRUlJuPoJTnKvvU1CkAYsWEnACtwKkWn3wbQtodsaSiughSthfjIsB08aHsj5C3okH_wsEbSejULGv4m5qgL/s320/Screenshot_20231122-110751-885.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxqsQ1zEMw47DSRbxG5l3mqXE3iT__q-htIVK4rmuoAYRuK8BQIry9rFOOY-naO7Z7ua1NSqVIk1M5W2OHMjKMWCQo0rN1B36TUZNUd506SP3Lchu9lCo2NoDqeLRjA0Z8g3DkAYZqOU5vEtHDYY1kUZ2SOjfkESOrP8-g0w_8JDjrQlcMOqxZEJee/s907/finydna2.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="907" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxqsQ1zEMw47DSRbxG5l3mqXE3iT__q-htIVK4rmuoAYRuK8BQIry9rFOOY-naO7Z7ua1NSqVIk1M5W2OHMjKMWCQo0rN1B36TUZNUd506SP3Lchu9lCo2NoDqeLRjA0Z8g3DkAYZqOU5vEtHDYY1kUZ2SOjfkESOrP8-g0w_8JDjrQlcMOqxZEJee/s320/finydna2.gif" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApTHqnlEsYqPwIoz3kv7GrnNSHqOstDJ3WE-QfROLYzV54kbNtImSV6U3-fPowOb7_Tz-kUATrSwtif98MMyJVmd69ZPqAeLcJFFP8ZGr3WZ8ETEtYNqaSvananrvtWoEOH7_9ED_FIa8YtI1wMH3k7rqu5SLyeyAAiQR4LRYO_-z1QD0nrkUN_o0/s1169/pca111.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="1169" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhApTHqnlEsYqPwIoz3kv7GrnNSHqOstDJ3WE-QfROLYzV54kbNtImSV6U3-fPowOb7_Tz-kUATrSwtif98MMyJVmd69ZPqAeLcJFFP8ZGr3WZ8ETEtYNqaSvananrvtWoEOH7_9ED_FIa8YtI1wMH3k7rqu5SLyeyAAiQR4LRYO_-z1QD0nrkUN_o0/w400-h283/pca111.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-82902313323972744422023-11-17T17:11:00.001+02:002023-11-18T12:02:42.927+02:00North Europe using Eurogenes G25-coordinates<p><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">Too often in studies common heritability and genetic drift are mixed up in a population context.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> Pretty</span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"> much research has been ruined this way.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">This inevitably happens when comparing the heritage of local populations.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: #d2e3fc; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">The Eurogenes coordinate system compares samples in the global coordinate system and eliminates local drift, and by using Eurogenes G25 coordinates, an objective picture of the common inheritance of population groups can be obtained even at the local sample level </span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d2e3fc; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;">without the error caused by local genetic drift.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: #d2e3fc;">Following plots are made using the original Eurogenes G25 data. The vertical axis on the </span><span style="background-color: #d2e3fc;">three dimensional picture (sticks) shows similarty between Swedish, Finnish and Estonian samples. East European samples with Siberian admixture (Komi and Chuvash) are taken to the plot to point out the Siberian admixture, gaining the maximum on the PC 1.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpJA_Fg1nyyAnHdZvCj-xfdzm_Wu8uOfAI9wbp6zQFDSqpulUeqLkil2BMbhzHCAPtX2vrs5XHnEdv4Eq-cdMOqOA2MFSE1RdtarauqRL1-BqBYZBlG8OSlOHoPcGu61De3tTFXtKRWupQTKO9rltVN6qBT2CTLLf63vOQ2H2drwFbd0AmipuPl_i6/s907/comps2.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="907" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpJA_Fg1nyyAnHdZvCj-xfdzm_Wu8uOfAI9wbp6zQFDSqpulUeqLkil2BMbhzHCAPtX2vrs5XHnEdv4Eq-cdMOqOA2MFSE1RdtarauqRL1-BqBYZBlG8OSlOHoPcGu61De3tTFXtKRWupQTKO9rltVN6qBT2CTLLf63vOQ2H2drwFbd0AmipuPl_i6/s320/comps2.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0m-bV1ZpxR7yOnypPaGa8Mu5Md-sQGUFM_uFZ7icRI5NycldKp_vxpsBDuimhImDn4Qrb0Cy4vklun_lyCdbZmMzBC6h0UTglt9iFRjWa_myWSL0p3fkA6_pqXe0pgFeeQ1ajI4IeUbJRiagrD8o90ptBotAGrwytTECO4JZJTT-6lhxncEF1A9LX/s907/d12pic.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="907" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0m-bV1ZpxR7yOnypPaGa8Mu5Md-sQGUFM_uFZ7icRI5NycldKp_vxpsBDuimhImDn4Qrb0Cy4vklun_lyCdbZmMzBC6h0UTglt9iFRjWa_myWSL0p3fkA6_pqXe0pgFeeQ1ajI4IeUbJRiagrD8o90ptBotAGrwytTECO4JZJTT-6lhxncEF1A9LX/w400-h204/d12pic.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="background-color: #d2e3fc;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIOpcZYbAlWZgaVosZwzSOTz941Y0bl5ZT14Sp3b9JBXFhIlzTu5LQZMzAxpS7Wi81fsWJgICs32ySHWFyZ6W7dQ8EwPqULH3iMvG1eSdMeuMCRM3SlxKyL1wM0qf9Kpujj4TlqMc4I3ebPdLOmdtwuSSkIX9ZuyzHJbedtMi82TObUJ-4wMnqOkWR/s907/d13pic.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="907" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIOpcZYbAlWZgaVosZwzSOTz941Y0bl5ZT14Sp3b9JBXFhIlzTu5LQZMzAxpS7Wi81fsWJgICs32ySHWFyZ6W7dQ8EwPqULH3iMvG1eSdMeuMCRM3SlxKyL1wM0qf9Kpujj4TlqMc4I3ebPdLOmdtwuSSkIX9ZuyzHJbedtMi82TObUJ-4wMnqOkWR/w400-h204/d13pic.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><br /><span style="background-color: #d2e3fc;"><br /></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4XXYeNdzEa8KNhhMPYimBA8f01xU0854DE2cL0Dk1Ov_rVQM1jlFXqSDL91Ox9Qma7k5X8jgdtbysPuovS5on_RZv3VvV1OMkIlVYxvxgfEvrRDFBRn6NBImqhj9yPh1ykuIhfn4khe502ffnKiT6T6elAvnmtZmrs6wxOQtEPVSiqEmnQ9UuTvvK/s907/d14pic.gif" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="907" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4XXYeNdzEa8KNhhMPYimBA8f01xU0854DE2cL0Dk1Ov_rVQM1jlFXqSDL91Ox9Qma7k5X8jgdtbysPuovS5on_RZv3VvV1OMkIlVYxvxgfEvrRDFBRn6NBImqhj9yPh1ykuIhfn4khe502ffnKiT6T6elAvnmtZmrs6wxOQtEPVSiqEmnQ9UuTvvK/w400-h204/d14pic.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx3rSTglNZrg1kZtf3NKD2ENVq-JEcEDuqlLSrn1HHrwBmGxhL8SZu9bzSQL4TkcAkUxQck6GvqBCFnulWI3OECubV9R8eCmyra-5z0tEhT72DqUvs6snj4E0IlOgNiSv40_vK2AaBou7DhNdZng_P49zVd8liKYTPRLOPApYHM6LO94KppWx799_H/s1372/3dpic..jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="694" data-original-width="1372" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx3rSTglNZrg1kZtf3NKD2ENVq-JEcEDuqlLSrn1HHrwBmGxhL8SZu9bzSQL4TkcAkUxQck6GvqBCFnulWI3OECubV9R8eCmyra-5z0tEhT72DqUvs6snj4E0IlOgNiSv40_vK2AaBou7DhNdZng_P49zVd8liKYTPRLOPApYHM6LO94KppWx799_H/w400-h203/3dpic..jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="background-color: #d2e3fc;"><br /></span></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-6362495784741632102023-10-31T12:58:00.002+02:002023-12-27T20:09:27.811+02:00Thoughts about the past and the present<p> Policy warning. My readers may have noticed that I don't like the enthusiasm with which Finnish genetic research is looking for Finns' ethnic roots in Russia. Unlike language, which has only one root, the genetic heritage is multi-rooted. Genetically, the inhabitants of Finland are a mixture of the southern (Estonia) and eastern (Karelia, Vepsä) Baltic Finno-Ugrians, Scandinavians of different time periods, Sami and increasingly other ethnic groups. These groups, except for the last 30 years of immigration, have been intermingling for hundreds of years. This is forgotten, as was also the case in the Estonian study, which I discussed in my previous post. Geneticists in Finland and Estonia are ideologically very single-minded in their desire to find a multidisciplinary solution by simplifying things. Of course, it is necessary to find out where our language comes from, and linguistics studies that.</p><p>Things get more complicated when the Russian view of Finns' roots is added to the previous one. I am unusually well aware that, according to the Russian point of view, the Finno-Ugric peoples living in Russia are called Finns, and Finns as one of them. In reality, the linguistic and ancient genetic roots of the Baltic Finns formed a reasonably homogenous entity that differed from other Finno-Ugric people. Baltic Finnic speakers diverged from other Finno-Ugric language speakers already 1500 years before the Russia as a state was created and formed their own genetic pool. The political problems between Russia and the West will last, and the ideology of Finnish researchers about the origin of Finns in Russia may weaken the status of the Finno-Ugric people of Russia in their own homeland. We should see the difference between the past and the present, we should not create historical illusions that create problems in the development of communities.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-20902262592377430382023-10-22T14:14:00.005+03:002023-10-23T11:51:27.502+03:00Kivisild 2021<p> The study "<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8456179/">Patterns of Genetic connectedness between modern and medieval Estonian genomes reveal the Origins of a major ancestry component of the Finnish population</a>", Toomas Kivisild 2021, activates me to examine Estonia's historical connections with Finland. I thought the research was good, but there are still a few exceptions. First of all, the Finnish sample group did not take into account the prehistoric population components of Finns. The Finns by no means moved here from Estonia as a single population. Secondly, and partly due to the previous shortcoming, the study did not comprehensively deal with the uniparental y-heritage. Together, these shortcomings make it difficult to evaluate the results. Observing the Y-heritage and its datings would have revealed shortcomings in the sample selection.</p><p>Finns in Estonia</p><p>At the beginning of Swedish rule in 1620, less than 100,000 people lived in Estonia, the small population was due to several wars. The population of Finland was 450,000 in 1650. The situation in Estonia was difficult and there was a lot immigration from many directions, which had a great effect on the Estonian population. </p><p>In order to get labor faster, the landlords brought new people to the villages, usually exempting the immigrants from all taxes for three years. In this way, peasants moved from less fertile areas to more profitable areas. At that time, about a third of Estonian peasants moved to new settlements. Instead of a destroyed home, they looked for a new one or stayed there, choosing more favorable agricultural lands and also more humane landlords. The conditions for movement were also free, because in some places there was not even a landlord, some of them had moved to a new mansion and did not know the conditions there.</p><p>In the second quarter of the 18th century, a large number of representatives of other nations also arrived in Estonia, who make up up to 17% of the peasants of southern Estonia. Among the foreigners, most Russian peasants, craftsmen, merchants and fishermen settled in eastern Estonia.</p><p>A large part of the "resettlement" of Estonia was carried out by Finns, who were especially numerous in Virus and Harjumaa, where they were 20% and 12% of the population, concentrated in separate villages. There were also many Finns around Põltsamaa and Tartu. They were partly settled by the state authorities of the Estonian region, partly they left Finland for military service. At first, the Swedish kings forbade the enslavement of Finnish and Swedish peasants who had moved to Estonia, because all forms of slavery were prohibited in Sweden's territory. Over time, this attitude diminished, and the newcomers also had to bear the heavy responsibility of the estate. There were also many Finnish priests in Estonia, because after the expulsion of the Poles, Lutheranism became the main religion. </p><p><i>The most famous of them was Johann Forselius, whose son was Bengt Gottfried Forselius, who has also been mentioned as the father of the Estonian written language. Contrary to what the Estonian historiography claims, the Forselius family was not Swedish, but Johann was a Finnish-born priest and teacher from the Helsinki municipality. Bengt Forselius died on his way back from Stockholm, where he visited the Swedish king or his representatives. It has been suspected that the Estonian Germans drowned Forselius because they were afraid of civilizing the Estonians, which was feared to lead to the rise of nationalism. Finnish churchmen were also in Latvia, where the Finnish garrison, the Ostrobothnia Regiment, was responsible for the country's defense against the Poles and Lithuanians. A Finnish priest who was hanged in Riga because of his bad habits has remained in the history books of Riga. My ancestors also served in that garrison.</i></p><p>The third large group of newcomers were Latvians, who settled in large numbers, especially around Valga.</p><p>Datings</p><p>The question of when the Finnish and Estonian languages separated to different parts of the Gulf of Finland has different answers depending on the source, but it is most commonly assumed to have happened between 300-500 AD. On the basis of archaeological finds, this timing can be considered justified, because around 500 AD in Finland, new settlement centers were created in southwestern Finland and Tavastia to the current settlement areas. Later, Tavastia in particular is mentioned in both Swedish and Russian sources as a warlike people, but only the Swedes admit that they suffered losses <span style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: inherit;">on military expeditions to Tavastia.</span></p><p>Walter Lang / Homo Fennicus is my recommedation for more information about the prehistory of the Baltic Finnic migrations and languages.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-21498699846973871242023-09-24T12:19:00.002+03:002023-09-24T16:23:37.427+03:00Another report from the Estonian summit<p> <span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: #d2e3fc; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">A 400-year-old discovery of a man's remains in the northeast Finland (Koillismaa, Kuusamo) suggests connections to the Arctic Ocean region.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">The grave contained a witch's drum hammer, so it is credibly assumed that the man in the grave was a Sámi shaman.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">It remains unclear whether the man originally belonged to the Sámi people of the Finnish region, because the White Sea had centuries-old connections to the Bothnian Bay (Perämeri) and thus also to Koillismaa, where the grave discovery was made.</span></span><span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> </span><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;">In the past the population moved more locally than today.</span></span></p><p><span class="jCAhz ChMk0b" face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" jsaction="agoMJf:PFBcW;MZfLnc:P7O7bd;nt4Alf:pvnm0e,pfE8Hb,PFBcW;B01qod:dJXsye;H1e5u:iXtTIf;lYIUJf:hij5Wb;bmeZHc:iURhpf;Oxj3Xe:qAKMYb,yaf12d" jscontroller="Gn4SMb" jsname="txFAF" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-color: whitesmoke; color: #3c4043; cursor: pointer; font-size: 24px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpkvRVzvx2ldiFqV1nIDgma4ZYBwibjNa2HcSuxUDGyo1VgX0RdZTxSkAy4e2zZctuc97wHYIDnfoNhnQLFAyySdgD2AT27zAFOyjhepY9omH01Wb8IinC-AM7pqEm1LSM_wxZiNldRlBw1xlqxZ5QIgasSpdEVqemnAFZPlqrQcfc7El5AwfQn_qT/s891/Screenshot_20230924-120639-118.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="891" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpkvRVzvx2ldiFqV1nIDgma4ZYBwibjNa2HcSuxUDGyo1VgX0RdZTxSkAy4e2zZctuc97wHYIDnfoNhnQLFAyySdgD2AT27zAFOyjhepY9omH01Wb8IinC-AM7pqEm1LSM_wxZiNldRlBw1xlqxZ5QIgasSpdEVqemnAFZPlqrQcfc7El5AwfQn_qT/w324-h400/Screenshot_20230924-120639-118.png" width="324" /></a></div><br /><span class="ryNqvb" jsaction="click:E6Tfl,GFf3ac,tMZCfe; contextmenu:Nqw7Te,QP7LD; mouseout:Nqw7Te; mouseover:E6Tfl,c2aHje" jsname="W297wb" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;"><br /></span><p></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-41336973920856748252023-09-23T12:36:00.000+03:002023-09-23T12:36:33.409+03:00Saint Henrik's origin revealed?<p>Geneticist Elina Salmela reveals secrets related to the origin of the late medieval <span face="Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: #d2e3fc; color: #3c4043; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Finnish ecclesiastical relic.</span> This interesting case is also related to one of Finland's oldest church legends. According to the story, a Finnish peasant, named lately Lalli, killed a crusader bishop with an ax on the winter ice of lake Köyliö in the Southwestern Finland. As a result of the event, Finland's first ecclesiastical saint, Saint Henrik, was born. Salmela opened up about Henrik's possible origins at a meeting held in Tartu, Estonia, on September 13-16. Today the meeting has been held and the presentation video can be available somewhere.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_RNATQi-ImhPwQZrPZOJileBtw_Li9DY6Oj1I6JU7w_JxFgsavPOCu3713PNbUhJOTOEEjvdYIGCONfnmjkxaBKISTfsjd0hTw20lwNKWYPFB2uqayPism-ZXxLJvfviMfZtI3hvk785-Un8swNom9Vds-eUPXPouQiWXDTEhwNDkkDqrLS6gw-Ho/s785/Screenshot_20230923-122702-434.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="785" data-original-width="720" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_RNATQi-ImhPwQZrPZOJileBtw_Li9DY6Oj1I6JU7w_JxFgsavPOCu3713PNbUhJOTOEEjvdYIGCONfnmjkxaBKISTfsjd0hTw20lwNKWYPFB2uqayPism-ZXxLJvfviMfZtI3hvk785-Un8swNom9Vds-eUPXPouQiWXDTEhwNDkkDqrLS6gw-Ho/w368-h400/Screenshot_20230923-122702-434.png" width="368" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-57274952311359218112023-09-07T16:58:00.007+03:002023-10-24T15:11:35.665+03:00New article summerizes Finnish studies <p> The auctor is a known Finnish geneticist and the article header is "where did the Finnish genome come from". It is in Finnish, so it is not useful to undergo the text, instead of it I try to analyse pictures in general level. The summary follows subjects of Finnish genetic research and gives a good picture about the situation we have now. There are some old standpoints or approaches which I'll list first. I try to evaluate these things and list obvious problems in Finnish studies. </p><p><br /></p><p>1 Strong connection between language and genes</p><p>I understand that the pressure on this point of view is strong, because Finno-Ugric people are a small minority in Eurasia. This has been obvious. Has this matter been too strong and impeded the research?</p><p>2 The viewpoint about the unique Finnish genome</p><p>Usually this idea is explained by the isolated geographic situation of Finland. Actually Finland has been widely open to the east, in a comparable amount to Estonia and other Baltic countries, yet western cultural connections have been strong.</p><p>3 After that (unique Finnish genome) a bit strangely Finnish studies underline the diversity of Finnish uniparental genetic lines.</p><p>A big dilemma has been why the mitochodrial dna shows high diversity in Finland. I havn't seen explanations; sometimes it is explained by western connections, sometimes by eastern connections. Also, the yDna shows both western and eastern origins. IMO the research has not even tried to find explanations.</p><p>4 Explaining differences of domestic genetic diversity by historic events instead of prehistoric events. In Finland the historic time starts after the 12th century. The Finns are seen as a unique population with unique root. But one of the most popular idea in Finnish research have been to underline the historic era east-west bifurcation of the Finnish population, based on the PEACE TREATY OF OREKHOVETS (TREATY OF NÖTEBORG, Pähkinäsaaren rauha in Finnish) in 1323. This sounds weird, because this border was valid only a bit more than 200 years and even the most pheripheral regions of the eastern side were returned to the Finnish speaking entity only 300 years later, in the beginning of the 17th century. How can the difference have been resulted in 200-300 years? Mostly the explanation has been the Karelian influence in the eastern Finland, but Karelian language has never been spoken in Finland to a larger extent.</p><p>The introduction in this summary challenges old standpoints to some extent. I translated introduction and core observations, but if you are more interested in latest reckonings I recommend to translate the text. </p><p><a href="https://www.duodecimlehti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo17794.pdf">Here</a> is the link to the article.</p><p>Google translation.</p><p>Introduction</p><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">In medical genetics studies, the Finnish population is used as an isolate and homogeneous. Neither is exactly true. Modern and ancient DNA studies have shown, that people have come here with their genes from different directions throughout the millennia. So we're on inherits mostly from the west, but about a dozen also from the far east; that's how it got from post-glacial hunter-gatherers, early potters, early farmers like bronze from Siberia as well. The genetic peculiarity of Finns is that in Finland small population and recent bottlenecks have resulted in genetic drift that is swayed the frequencies of many genetic forms to the rest of Europe in general. Also within Finland there is a strong genetic dividing line between western and eastern - or southwestern and northeastern between Finland.</span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;">Core observations</pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: none; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><div class="tw-src-ltr" id="tw-ob" style="max-height: 999999px;"><div class="oSioSc" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; flex: 1 1 0%; max-height: 999999px; padding-bottom: 0px; width: auto;"><div id="tw-target" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; margin: 0px -16px; max-height: 999999px; position: relative; text-align: initial;"><div class="g9WsWb" id="kAz1tf" style="flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0px; max-height: 999999px; padding: 10px 16px 64px; position: relative; text-align: initial;"><div class="tw-ta-container F0azHf tw-nfl" id="tw-target-text-container" style="max-height: 999999px; outline: 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ancient DNA studies have shown that new inhabitants have come to the surrounding areas of Finland through prehistory.</span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The majority of what modern Finns inherit is of western origin.<br /></span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Speakers of Finland's eastern relative languages with we only have a common genetic heritage a few percent.<br /></span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">Eastern and Western Finns differ genetically distinct from each other more than many Central European populations.<br /></span></i></span></pre><pre class="tw-data-text tw-text-large JgzqYd RES9jf tw-ta" data-placeholder="Käännös" dir="ltr" id="tw-target-text" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; font-family: inherit; line-height: 28px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-top: -10px; max-height: 999999px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 10px 0.14em 10px 0px; position: relative; resize: none; text-wrap: wrap; width: 380px;"><span class="Y2IQFc" lang="en" style="max-height: 999999px;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;">The East-West difference and its genetic distinctiveness is largely due to the population boom periods in history from the bottle necks and the small population.</span></i></span></pre></div></div></div></div></div></pre><p>Picture 1 presents now available ancient samples. Unfortunately southwestern Finnish autosomal samples described in my previous post are not yet available and present in this paper. Those samples are first autosomal samples representing prehistoric Finnish people.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrGHiyjEMiDFydQaOh-DDSiqdLM3acgSdpuPjj0iacTSo66hDO2gY4aSnXhuGSnttBKVDHEQzRYS0CR9EzXelKq5pjVBtzGu1Ci8gNRaDtyLvuZZ86AJfm2ahjps3UJgQcfmcJs9jkTboxAoGye7sX-Wk_HAdB4vuEBvYv_QGi14QJbOdh9ZLZzpP0/s720/Screenshot_20230905-150348-185.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="720" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrGHiyjEMiDFydQaOh-DDSiqdLM3acgSdpuPjj0iacTSo66hDO2gY4aSnXhuGSnttBKVDHEQzRYS0CR9EzXelKq5pjVBtzGu1Ci8gNRaDtyLvuZZ86AJfm2ahjps3UJgQcfmcJs9jkTboxAoGye7sX-Wk_HAdB4vuEBvYv_QGi14QJbOdh9ZLZzpP0/s320/Screenshot_20230905-150348-185.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Picture 2 presents a PCA plot showing certain selected samples. Unfortunately the plot lack of western (Scandinavia, Gotland, Poland) and eastern (Russia) Iron Age samples. Only Estonian and Finnish Iron Age samples are included and the Finnish ones actually represent Saami people. </p><p>(I noticed that the close-up is not analogous to the wide picture)</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4y1TXIrgvNiya4NcqX30inA935T5g1FAgT1_zgfon6-lImwf4Utf5u8BQFCR9gdiXWvHQNB9VTPSGAgt-5LaGHS5Uit95q0NKfgrAvpYTyJX-ZAvCbXFzTqsgcKRfFNjMKEzZQU3LCENSDiw0k-gENQnuYu67qyOaUxiE84tLQ8KMiVpitOsCXNbm/s1037/Screenshot_20230905-150426-368.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1037" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4y1TXIrgvNiya4NcqX30inA935T5g1FAgT1_zgfon6-lImwf4Utf5u8BQFCR9gdiXWvHQNB9VTPSGAgt-5LaGHS5Uit95q0NKfgrAvpYTyJX-ZAvCbXFzTqsgcKRfFNjMKEzZQU3LCENSDiw0k-gENQnuYu67qyOaUxiE84tLQ8KMiVpitOsCXNbm/s320/Screenshot_20230905-150426-368.png" width="222" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Picture 3. Used methods are not specified. Results differ somewhat from the admixture analysis of Tambets 2018, but the difference is not in any way essential.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaAS_1LRwioDMXMyKT_-7jnXk5Ls2rmRl0PqCaEyv0DmolI_JT1xXhG8z3hBmrFMckiCao8XbKR97begFyC2zDKXxxyrC1xvq__EXPIxlwDJSauNIbQn7QFD-7NNXp663ZHAYCeAqFfTHbp_Z21oGajlz5Z3mbjKch9IsFs0rHD1J1kIkAymtLHPGe/s720/Screenshot_20230905-150531-217.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="720" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaAS_1LRwioDMXMyKT_-7jnXk5Ls2rmRl0PqCaEyv0DmolI_JT1xXhG8z3hBmrFMckiCao8XbKR97begFyC2zDKXxxyrC1xvq__EXPIxlwDJSauNIbQn7QFD-7NNXp663ZHAYCeAqFfTHbp_Z21oGajlz5Z3mbjKch9IsFs0rHD1J1kIkAymtLHPGe/s320/Screenshot_20230905-150531-217.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Picture 5 shows the west-east dichotomy in Finland. I have not seen explanations why this happens. What is the historical reason to this dichotomy? Obviously it can't be a short-term peace treaty between Sweden and Novgorodian Russia. It is said that the dichotomy is a result of the Karelian origin of East Finns, but what I have seen the suggested Karelian source population came from the Karelian Isthmus and they resemble today more Southwest Finns than Eeast Finns. Misunderstanding is caused by the academic Karelian sample set got from Russia, which is from the White Sea region rather than from Karelian Isthmus.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR_XYa6e-uEbwsarxrKZbz7eBeWeYWgAmFdKAEpMDvm148lG7WEDTXUQNLm4J4Hv-5Jx3-n_JM2TTw40ko15z9Pc6JCEpqHoms30lVKWjnEU-Q8iL864NBdmT1qP0wNoGUtOIkxVER_C-n8utub6m6MBxWuu2G_uQrbCLwKve2hEHVeP-TmqRqqbHL/s947/Screenshot_20230905-150728-760.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="533" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR_XYa6e-uEbwsarxrKZbz7eBeWeYWgAmFdKAEpMDvm148lG7WEDTXUQNLm4J4Hv-5Jx3-n_JM2TTw40ko15z9Pc6JCEpqHoms30lVKWjnEU-Q8iL864NBdmT1qP0wNoGUtOIkxVER_C-n8utub6m6MBxWuu2G_uQrbCLwKve2hEHVeP-TmqRqqbHL/s320/Screenshot_20230905-150728-760.png" width="180" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-35990200681870230072023-04-22T16:45:00.004+03:002023-04-23T01:59:51.154+03:00A new Finnish Master's Thesis sheds light on Late Iron Age burials in Southwestern Finland <p> The name on thesis is "THE GENETIC MAKEUP AND SOCIAL<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ORGANISATION IN EARLY MEDIEVAL COASTAL SOUTHWEST FINLAND", the author Nelli-Johanna Saari. It is available from the library of the University of Helsinki. I do not quote it because it is limited by copyright laws, but you can order it by email, the Openness Act gives you right to get it.</p><p>The main discourse of the thesis is related with archaeological finds. It is good work as far as I can understand, keeping in mind that I have not got acquainted with archaeology more than reading some books published for laymen. The text was interesting.</p><p>Coming to the part dealing genetics I can say more. This section is rather brief, but earns to be noticed because this is the first one giving something of the thema i.e. Late Iron Age Finnish genetics (in Finland the Iron Age ended 1200AD! and historic time from that onwards).</p><p>The thesis includes two PCA plots. These plots prove only that already 1000 years ago the Finns were Finns. Only addition that can be said is that they <i>might </i>have carried less Saami or Siberian admixture than Finns today, but too few Saami samples on the plot didn't reveal the possibility of Saami admixture in Iron Age samples. It is also possible that some samples represent Iron Age outliers, samples seen outliers from the present-day perspective.</p><p>The admixture analysis shows same tendencies than PCA plots.</p><p>The f3-analysis uses homozygous western hunter-gatheters as an ancestral source, which can lead to erroneous conclusions, because thousands years old ancestry comes through a complex history from different eras and directions.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-38253430508260568952023-04-04T13:06:00.007+03:002023-04-04T13:06:57.083+03:00Downloads missed<p> Some downloads in my old posts are not available any more, because my telecom provider ended the home page service. I have backups, but the work would be enormous to update all links in old post.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-2959800376224512532023-04-01T18:30:00.002+03:002023-04-01T18:33:06.759+03:00Finnish I-clade, the origin and age<p>All this text is copy-pasted from my publications in other medias.</p><p><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></p><p><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">I try to collect data of the Finnish clade and the tree associating with it. I made interesting observations and add more pictures on following days. The first one shows the root from CTS2208. The clade age is 3900 years.</span></p><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">Some points. A 1000 years old ancient sample is from Novgorod Russia. It is likely Swedish or Finnish. Surprising Turkish group has TMRCA 500 years and two samples are from Antalya.</span><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">German samples are from Lower Saxony.</span><div><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/6NstJjY/Screenshot-20230329-212315.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="360" height="800" src="https://i.ibb.co/6NstJjY/Screenshot-20230329-212315.png" width="360" /></a></div><br /><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">The next downstream level is CTS7676, formed 2800 years ago and recent TMRCA 2300 years. It has two branches, the first one, I-Y142754, fully Swedish, but not old. Oldest samples have TMRCA 950 years, most samples only 550 years. Actually this is a tiny local group in Dalecarlia, which is a bit like Swedish backwoods. Hold your breath, tomorrow I show how the oldest branch of CTS7676 continues </span><img alt="" border="0" class="inlineimg" src="http://www.theapricity.com/forum/images/smilies/smile.png" style="background-color: #fafafa; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom;" title="Smile" /><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/X5Bg3nb/Screenshot-20230329-211752.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="360" height="800" src="https://i.ibb.co/X5Bg3nb/Screenshot-20230329-211752.png" width="360" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">Next clades are of Finnish origin. There are in Yfull around 200 Finnish samples and among them 20 Swedish, Russian and Norwegian samples, all except the higlighted sample in areas where the Finns have migrated during the Swedish era. It is not rational to make screenshots of them all, because alll are publicly available in Yfull.</span><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">The top level clade is L287, clade age 2300 years. Below it is two clades, a small By594 (1950 years) and L258 (1950 years). By594 includes two samples, a Finnish one and Norwegian in Troms. Troms is in Northern Norway where Karelians and legendary Kwens (or Kvens, mentioned in several old texts like Egils saga) used to make raids in the Middle Age.</span><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">The main Finnish clade is L258 (1950 years). Its origin is in Southwest Finland. The Finnish archealogist Unto Salo, owning the best education in the southwestern prehistory, have shown the demographic continuum from the first centuries AD in the geographic region where the density of present-day Finnish I1 is highest.</span><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><br style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;">Sorry for a long text. The clade age are calculated using available samples, but they don't cover throughout the history, because in all possible scenarios we have lost ydna lines due to lines dying out. This had biggest effect in small ancient populations, although it happens all the time. We can only say that geographical male lines were born latest in the calculated clade age, meaning that the first Finnish I1 man was born beween years 2800-2300 ybp. If so it means that the population that brought I1 to Finland was in Finland 800 years before the estimated arrival of the Finnic language and was likely here also before people who brought the Saami language. Genes challenges the old history writing and it takes time to linguists and historians to change the course, still keeping them respected. Sad but true.</span></div><div><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div><span face="Verdana, Arial, Tahoma, Calibri, Geneva, sans-serif" style="background-color: #fafafa; color: #333333; font-size: 13px;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i.ibb.co/DkgQZg9/Screenshot-20230329-212117.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="360" height="800" src="https://i.ibb.co/DkgQZg9/Screenshot-20230329-212117.png" width="360" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-34438573858208608432023-01-11T20:57:00.001+02:002023-01-11T20:59:13.855+02:00Holy Grail of the Uralic languages, the origin in Siberia<p> It has gone a couple of years since a new Siberian-like Bronze Age sample was found from Central Siberian Krasnoyarsk. Almost every blogger being interested in population genetics started soon to speculate if this Bronze Age man belonged to the first speakers of Uralic languages and the reason was, actually two reasons, Siberian origin and that the man belonged to the male haplogroup N. In my opinion this conclusion was debatable. Definitely he belonged to purest North Siberians, among many other Siberian people. Definitely the yDna haplogoup N is common among modern Uralic speakers, but N is common also in other language groups. Genes don't have language, languages don't have genes. This poor Bronze Age man will never reveal his language. Only thing common with his genes and the origin of Uralic languages is Siberia. Can we say that only one language was spoken in an area extending thousands kilometers to every direction, that this man and his kinship kept connection by yoiking over hundreds kilometers? Languages need common society and culture to strenghten enough to make further expansions. One man has one male haplogroup, but he needs society and common culture within a larger social context to be able to advance something. In the other hand even his genes were not unique in Siberia.</p><p>To have something real in my hands I made tests, a PCA-plot and a series of qp3Pop analyses. On the PCA there was nothing particular to mention; the Krasnoyarsk man was on two first dimensions pretty much like many other pure Siberians. Making Eurogenes G25-style multifimensional analysis would be great, maybe Eurogenes want to do it. But then the f3-analysis revealed something. I made two analyses comparing almost all populations I found in the North Siberia-Europe cline to Nganasans and to the Krasnoyarsk man. Finally I divided the Krasnoyarsk result by the Nganasan result to get the ratio of all population in the cline. The ratio revealed that despite of small Siberian admixture some populations had a high Krasnoyarsk ratio, including Finns. May this mean that those with high ratio formed at least partially the westward migration of Uralic speakers?</p><p> </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgASLu6SfSqUanafuZu1ENM21nC1xKCg6RJTfGl4IMnLirkhFcoJcQaQznK1XeDbnxPfFqdKFq2h6pnArn_Cc3UXHOs1dXaj5TYkRzWGqsavEtdQPifzaTlCYJBcNUw8ONfTCw0OmDi0HSXgYE-UfOLR54xGUGBgZu3WTKNpj7WSrIKw5DcdvAl2w/s1169/krasnongan.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="1169" height="453" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgASLu6SfSqUanafuZu1ENM21nC1xKCg6RJTfGl4IMnLirkhFcoJcQaQznK1XeDbnxPfFqdKFq2h6pnArn_Cc3UXHOs1dXaj5TYkRzWGqsavEtdQPifzaTlCYJBcNUw8ONfTCw0OmDi0HSXgYE-UfOLR54xGUGBgZu3WTKNpj7WSrIKw5DcdvAl2w/w640-h453/krasnongan.gif" width="640" /></a></div><p>2 - North Siberia - Europe cline</p><p>3 - North Siberians<br /> </p><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMzop5xt0u5Ee7L9XI43va9NFvhDYQtrGzRMMw7BqoKh0QPFEf588lhbN9TaqjHtR5WxlOddUCxwTy6_GZXbynXTWuQkFR5UzwitNxSoMgbgywO662zMvBm062UGZWhXRqf7Hu95qtbo0Z3FGFREp_BPU7Ui2ucmGC8KGAgg6vbqyLSlYWNlqaZA/s546/ngaba1t.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="516" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMzop5xt0u5Ee7L9XI43va9NFvhDYQtrGzRMMw7BqoKh0QPFEf588lhbN9TaqjHtR5WxlOddUCxwTy6_GZXbynXTWuQkFR5UzwitNxSoMgbgywO662zMvBm062UGZWhXRqf7Hu95qtbo0Z3FGFREp_BPU7Ui2ucmGC8KGAgg6vbqyLSlYWNlqaZA/w378-h400/ngaba1t.gif" width="378" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p>Green color - high Krasnoyarsk_BA ratio. <br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-85122996546223982062023-01-06T19:13:00.006+02:002023-01-06T23:04:53.455+02:00A new study sheds light on Scandinavian Iron Age ancestryRodríguez-Varela et al. makes an effort to find out eastern and western influences in Iron Age Scandinavia. Results support ideas of western migrations during the Swedish Vendel Era, especially from England. Migration Period and the following so called Vendel Era in Sweden are known about common artefacts with Anglo-Saxon England, which supports the outcome of the study of migrations from the British Isles, at least what comes to the Anglo-Saxon genetic influence. <div><br /></div><div> Another observation in the study covers the eastern influence in Uppland and in more northern areas. The study speaks about Uralic influence, which is somewhat troublesome, because genetic information doesn't include information about spoken languages. On the other hand it mentions Finnish influence, so we can make a conclusion that the study actually means Finnish (but not Estonian) influence, as a special case of Uralic speakers, without proving straight connection to the Ural region (where Uralic language speakers are only a minority). On the other hand the study speaks about Eastern Baltic influence, which also leaves me uncertain of the actual meaning. Also, the study tells that the north-south cline in Scandinavia proves about the migration route of Uralic speakers, but is it similarly possible that this cline proves about SOUTHERN migration DILUTING the original population in Scandinavia - whatever language they spoke? From history books we know that in Scandinavia, and also in Finland and Russia, the migration direction was from south to north rather than conversely. Isn't this even more credible, not only based on known history, but also based on earlier conclusions of this study?</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div> The biggest shortage is that the study focuses mainly on middle and late Iron Age samples and the data doesn't include early Iron Age (Pre Roman Iron Age) and late Bronze Age samples. This shortage leaves us without view of how the Scandinavian genetic profile looked before the Anglo-Saxon impact and it doesn't take into account possibility of earlier eastern and western influences. In my opinion people in Sweden were before the Migration Period significally more eastern than later, but then is it right to call that time Uralic or Eastern Baltic? What would be Western Baltic then? And why the study doesn't check the Western Baltic influence if it exists? It was interesting to read the study, despite many unclear definitions.</div><div><br /><div><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422014684#mmc1">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867422014684#mmc1</a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div></div></div></div>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-82377482819602538562023-01-04T00:03:00.005+02:002023-01-04T01:06:00.172+02:00Baltic Finns as a construction of Bronze and Iron Age admixtures IV<p> Peltola et al. g25-samples are now available. I reran previous tests after adding those new samples. It looks like Volga-Oka Iron Age samples have some effect on results, but not anyway predominating. Southeast, North, Central and East Finland get some meaningful portion. <br /></p><p>BOL - Volga Oka IA, representing people before the Slavic eastern migration.</p><p>For sample details please look at the study. Link: </p><p><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01826-7">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01826-7</a></p><p>Target: Mauri1million_scaled<br />Distance: 0.4878% / 0.00487819<br />25.2 England_MIA<br />23.0 Baltic_EST_BA<br />10.8 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />10.4 England_MIA_LIA<br />7.6 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />4.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA<br />4.2 Baltic_EST_MA<br />4.2 England_Saxon<br />4.0 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />3.0 SHK002<br />2.4 SHK001<br />0.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />0.2 BOL005<br /><br />Target: Estonian<br />Distance: 0.4453% / 0.00445321<br />29.8 Baltic_EST_BA<br />20.4 England_MIA<br />13.6 Baltic_EST_MA<br />11.6 KED001<br />8.6 KRS001<br />8.6 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />2.8 BOL004<br />2.2 KED002<br />2.0 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />0.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />0.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southwest<br />Distance: 0.7118% / 0.00711846<br />26.2 England_MIA<br />17.6 Baltic_EST_BA<br />15.4 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />14.4 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />13.8 England_MIA_LIA<br />6.2 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />3.8 KED001<br />1.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br />1.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southeast<br />Distance: 0.6699% / 0.00669896<br />28.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br />23.8 England_MIA<br />11.4 BOL005<br />10.0 Baltic_EST_IA<br />10.0 England_LIA<br />8.0 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />6.4 Baltic_EST_BA<br />1.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />0.8 KRS001<br /><br />Target: Finnish_North<br />Distance: 0.9945% / 0.00994463<br />23.0 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />21.8 England_MIA<br />19.0 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />14.6 Baltic_EST_BA<br />11.4 BOL004<br />8.4 England_MIA_LIA<br />1.6 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />0.2 Baltic_EST_MA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_East<br />Distance: 0.7742% / 0.00774249<br />21.8 Baltic_EST_MA<br />21.0 Baltic_EST_IA<br />13.6 BOL005<br />13.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />8.2 England_MIA<br />6.4 England_MIA_LIA<br />5.4 Baltic_EST_BA<br />5.2 BOL009<br />4.0 England_Saxon<br />0.8 England_IA<br />0.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Central<br />Distance: 0.6841% / 0.00684063<br />19.2 Baltic_EST_BA<br />19.0 England_MIA<br />14.0 Baltic_EST_MA<br />12.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />10.4 BOL004<br />7.0 England_IA_EarlyMedieval<br />4.2 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />4.0 England_Saxon<br />3.8 England_MIA_LIA<br />3.6 KED002<br />1.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />0.4 Baltic_EST_IA</p><p></p><p>Reducing population number erases IA-samples.<br /></p><p>Target: Mauri1million_scaled<br />Distance: 2.0489% / 0.02048857 | ADC: 2x RC<br />41.6 KBL002<br />40.8 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />15.0 KED002<br />2.6 GOS002<br /><br />Target: Estonian<br />Distance: 1.7521% / 0.01752108 | ADC: 2x RC<br />30.6 Baltic_EST_MA<br />27.4 Baltic_EST_IA<br />27.0 KED001<br />15.0 KED002<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southwest<br />Distance: 2.1900% / 0.02190021 | ADC: 2x RC<br />53.6 KED001<br />46.4 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southeast<br />Distance: 2.5633% / 0.02563278 | ADC: 2x RC<br />32.8 KRS001<br />31.0 Baltic_EST_IA<br />21.2 GOR001<br />15.0 KED002<br /><br />Target: Finnish_North<br />Distance: 3.7546% / 0.03754556 | ADC: 2x RC<br />100.0 GOR001<br /><br />Target: Finnish_East<br />Distance: 3.0876% / 0.03087553 | ADC: 2x RC<br />100.0 GOR001<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Central<br />Distance: 3.4461% / 0.03446146 | ADC: 2x RC<br />100.0 GOR001<br /><br /></p><br />Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-67366804212942566512023-01-03T13:19:00.004+02:002023-01-03T14:38:51.192+02:00Baltic Finns as a construction of Bronze and Iron Age admixtures III<p> To be on the safe side regarding selected eastern Krasnoyarsk samples I made a g25-test using ALL available ancient samples to figure out Southwest and Eastwest Finns. The reason for selecting Krasnoyarsk samples was the fact that they look on drift tests promising sources for Baltic Finns. Yet I want to see new Volga Oka samples and want to search suitable western pairs for them. Hopefully Eurogenes author can offer them in the near future.</p><p>Target: Finnish_Southeast<br />Distance: 0.7026% / 0.00702565 | ADC: 0.25x RC<br />24.8 NOR_North_VA_o2:VK519<br />14.0 ISL_Viking_Age_Pre_Christian:NNM-A-1<br />13.0 Baltic_EST_IA:s19_V10_2<br />12.6 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_KAL006<br />9.0 NOR_Mid_MA:VK124<br />8.0 SRB_Viminacium:R9673<br />6.8 EST_Saaremaa_EVA:VK554<br />6.0 DNK_Sealand_VA:VK215<br />3.6 Baltic_EST_IA:s19_VII4_1<br />1.2 RUS_Ladoga_VA:VK21<br />1.0 DNK_Funen_VA:VK371<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southwest<br />Distance: 0.5735% / 0.00573538 | ADC: 0.25x RC<br />24.6 DNK_Langeland_VA:VK367<br />17.4 DNK_Sealand_EVA:VK297<br />13.4 SWE_Gotland_VA:VK462<br />11.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA:JK1968<br />8.8 SWE_Gotland_VA:VK472<br />8.0 SWE_Gotland_VA:VK51<br />5.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA:DA234<br />3.8 RUS_Ladoga_VA:VK408<br />3.6 DEU_Tollense_BA:WEZ40<br />2.4 SWE_Viking_Age_Sigtuna:vik_84005<br />1.2 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA:VK539</p><p>This would be nice, but only if we forget eastern origins of Baltic Finns, with exception of Levanluhta and Norwegian Saami. Negative side is that our history should be written newly, because we would be descendants of Vikings. We are not. Dilemma we have with our history ought to be seen. <br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-76538637117311925812023-01-02T17:29:00.011+02:002023-01-02T19:15:40.000+02:00Baltic Finns as a construction of Bronze and Iron Age admixtures II<p> For those who trust in g25-results and use g25-model as a reference in various contexts, I made examples using original g25-sources listed in my previous post and now using original modern g25 population averages as targets. Its is obvious that if anyone, including Finnish researchers, wants to assume eastern genetic origin of Baltic Finns, this hypothesis leads to a very western admixture compensation in all Baltic Finnic populations, but is observable only as a minor western admixture in Baltic populations, like Latvians and Lithuanians. </p><p>This is true regardless of the origin of the Baltic Finnic language and in my opinion researchers in population genetics make an unintelligible mistake when continuing research like they do as things currently stand. A magic solution is to use Baltic Finns as a reference of Baltic Finns without eastern admixture options, just like for example 23andMe does. This abracadabra sounds like an only solution just because Baltic Finns are an unique admixture of west and east, but why don't you use the original admixture instead of invoking tautology? Extra benefit would be a genetic evidence of the origin of the Baltic Finnic language. <br /></p><p>Target: Finnish_Southwest<br />Distance: 0.7206% / 0.00720570<br />26.6 <b>England_MIA</b><br />18.6 Baltic_EST_BA<br />16.8 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />14.4 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />13.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />5.2 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />1.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br />1.4 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />1.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southeast<br />Distance: 0.7483% / 0.00748311<br />27.0 Baltic_EST_MA<br />19.8 <b>England_MIA</b><br />16.0 Baltic_EST_IA<br />12.6 <b>England_LIA</b><br />11.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />9.4 Baltic_EST_BA<br />1.8 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />1.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_North<br />Distance: 1.0307% / 0.01030739<br />28.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />22.4 <b>England_MIA</b><br />19.2 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />18.0 Baltic_EST_BA<br />9.6 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />2.0 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br />0.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_East<br />Distance: 0.8937% / 0.00893685<br />23.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br />22.8 Baltic_EST_IA<br />18.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />10.4 Baltic_EST_BA<br />6.4 <b>England_Saxon</b><br />5.2 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />4.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA<br />4.4 <b>England_LIA</b><br />3.2 <b>England_MIA</b><br />1.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Central<br />Distance: 0.7321% / 0.00732105<br />25.4 Baltic_EST_BA<b><br /></b>21.0<b> England_MIA</b><br />16.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />13.2 Baltic_EST_MA<br />8.2 <b>England_Saxon</b><br />5.2 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />3.8 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />2.6 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />2.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />2.0 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br /><br />Target: Karelian<br />Distance: 0.5298% / 0.00529849<br />35.0 Baltic_EST_BA<br />16.4 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />12.8 Baltic_EST_MA<br />11.0 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />7.0 <b>England_MIA</b><br />4.8 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />3.8 UKUKR_Chernigov_VA_o<br />3.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />2.8 <b>England_IA</b><br />2.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br /><br />Target: Vepsian<br />Distance: 0.7665% / 0.00766456<br />38.0 Baltic_EST_BA<br />14.2 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />11.8 <b>England_IA</b><br />11.8 <b>England_MIA</b><br />6.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br />6.2 UKUKR_Chernigov_VA_o<br />5.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />3.0 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />2.0 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />0.6 <b>England_Saxon</b><br />0.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br /><br />Target: Saami<br />Distance: 1.1439% / 0.01143915<br />65.0 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />10.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br />6.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br />4.2 Baltic_EST_IA<br />4.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />3.6 <b>England_LIA</b><br />2.6 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />2.0 Baltic_EST_BA<b><br /></b>1.2<b> England_MIA</b><br /><br />Target: Saami_Kola<br />Distance: 0.6132% / 0.00613244<br />33.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />15.2 Baltic_EST_BA<br />15.2 Baltic_EST_IA<br />13.0 Baltic_EST_MA<br />8.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />5.0 <b>England_EIA</b><br />4.6 <b>England_LIA</b><br />3.0 <b>England_MIA</b><br />2.0 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br /><br />Target: Estonian<br />Distance: 0.5235% / 0.00523480<br />31.0 Baltic_EST_BA<br />20.0 Baltic_EST_MA<br />15.2 <b>England_MIA</b><br />10.4 UKUKR_Chernigov_VA_o<br />9.2 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />5.0 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />4.6 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />3.2 <b>England_IA</b><br />0.6 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />0.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />0.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA<br /><br /><br />Finally I added ancient Baltic samples to sources to see if they could make a perfect match for Finns without western proportions.. They don't do it, they don't even exist in results. Only Estonian Bronze Age sources are eligible, obviously because Baltic samples have too high East European affinity. <br /></p><p>Baltic_LTU_BA, Baltic_LVA_BA added.<br /></p><p>Target: Finnish_Southwest<br />Distance: 0.7206% / 0.00720550<br />26.8 <b>England_MIA</b><br />18.8 Baltic_EST_BA<br />16.8 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />14.4 <b>England_MIA_LIA</b><br />13.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />4.8 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />1.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA_o<br />1.4 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br />1.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br /><br />Target: Finnish_Southeast<br />Distance: 0.7517% / 0.00751654<br />27.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br />21.6 <b>England_MIA</b><br />16.6 Baltic_EST_IA<br />11.6 <b>England_LIA</b><br />9.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />9.6 Baltic_EST_BA<br />2.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />1.0 <b>England_IA_EarlyMedieval</b><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-36128269759716557852023-01-01T17:23:00.005+02:002023-01-02T12:02:29.394+02:00Baltic Finns as a construction of Bronze and Iron Age admixtures<p> Without taking specific position of the ancestry of Baltic Finnic populations I selected best fitting Eurogenes g25-samples from a file published by the Eurogenes author and drove them through the Vahaduo admixture estimator. The file was updated in the beginning of December 2022. It lacks of samples looking promising in my f3- and Dstat-tests, like several Germanic samples from the Medieval or Migration Period, and some newer samples from new studies, which we are still waiting for, like samples from Volga Oka. </p><p>Now gathered original (not simulated) g25-samples works only with Baltic Finns, including Finns, Estonians and Karelians, suggesting a distinctive admixture profile of them. Results give typically a distance between 1.5-3%, usually around 2% or a bit less, but I have limited amount of individual samples to test with, just enough to see guidelines. So I appreciate reader tests and posting results as comments. Here is my result:</p><p>Target: Mauri_scaled<br />Distance: 1.9411% / 0.01941101<br />25.2 England_MIA_LIA<br />18.8 England_Saxon<br />18.2 Baltic_EST_BA<br />13.2 England_MIA<br />11.8 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />4.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />4.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA<br />3.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />0.4 England_EastYorkshire_MIA_LIA<br /> </p><p>Target: Mauri_scaled<br />Distance: 1.9411% / 0.01941130<br />19.0 England_Saxon:I0773<br />17.4 Baltic_EST_BA:s19_V16_1<br />14.0 England_MIA_LIA:I21307<br />11.8 RUS_Ingria_IA:VIII5_2<br />11.4 England_MIA_LIA:I20626<br />7.2 England_MIA:I17261<br />5.0 England_MIA:I11997<br />4.0 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA:I1856<br />3.4 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA:kra001<br />2.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA:JK1968<br />1.8 FIN_Levanluhta_IA:JK1970<br />0.8 Baltic_EST_BA:s19_X15_2<br />0.6 England_EastYorkshire_MIA_LIA:I13759<br />0.6 England_MIA:I3083<br />0.2 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA:I1851</p><p>G25 source file download:</p><p><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ttCMVucenKEGof_6tswbnBlPYp4yrWwz/view?usp=share_link">https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ttCMVucenKEGof_6tswbnBlPYp4yrWwz/view?usp=share_link </a><br /></p><p>Some lacking, but possible fitting samples:</p><p>England_EarlyMed_Saxon_oSteppe<br />Denmark_Zealand_Saxon_Med<br />Hungary_Langobard<br />NetherlandsGroningen_Saxon_Med<br />England_EarlyMed_Saxon<br />Germany_Schleswig_Saxon_LMed </p><p>Aftermath:</p><p>It looks like Krasnoyarsk and Levanluhta are dominating, meaning that a small eastern proportion has important effect on how admixed samples act. Yet the sum admixture reaches a moderate fitting. But no smoke without fire; I made several Dstat-tests comparing my and Polish drift distances to all used g25 source samples dowloaded from Reichlab (plus those I mentioned still lacking from the g25-source) and in most cases I was closer now used western g25 source samples. In these Dstat-tests SNP numbers were over 0.9 million.<br /></p><p>edit 2.1.2023 11:50 AM EET</p><p>More SNPs, more accuracy and a bit different composition. Yet close to the same east-west distribution. English Saxon changed mostly to English Iron Age. <br /></p><p>Target: Mauri1million_scaled Distance: <b>0.6521%</b> / 0.00652080 <br />21.8 Baltic_EST_BA<br />21.2 England_MIA_LIA<br />20.0 England_MIA<br />11.6 RUS_Ingria_IA<br />9.6 FIN_Levanluhta_IA<br />5.8 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_MLBA<br />3.6 UKR_Shestovitsa_VA<br />3.4 England_Saxon<br />1.6 RUS_Krasnoyarsk_BA<br />1.4 Baltic_EST_MA<br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p><table><tbody><tr><th class="singleheader" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><th class="singleheader" colspan="2"><br /></th></tr><tr></tr><tr><td class="singleleftcolumn"><br /></td><td class="singlerightcolumn"><br /></td><td class="singlerightcolumn"><br /></td></tr><tr></tr><tr></tr><tr><td class="singleleftcolumn"><br /></td><td class="singlerightcolumn"><br /></td></tr><tr></tr><tr></tr><tr><td class="singleleftcolumn"><br /></td><td class="singlerightcolumn"><br /></td></tr><tr></tr><tr></tr><tr><td class="singleleftcolumn"><br /></td><td class="singlerightcolumn"><br 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/></td></tr><tr></tr></tbody></table><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-23158512853290347172022-12-20T16:07:00.003+02:002022-12-20T16:24:38.118+02:00Eastern Hunter Gatherer ancestry fallacy<p> Sorry, I had to continue from what we saw in the study in my previous message. There was two f4-statistics evaluating the origin of populations. It was misleading. We simply can't determine origins by measuring the amount of one ancestral component, not by absolute values or by comparing to another population, because other admixtures has effect on other individual admixtures. We can only measure ratios. Let's assume that a Mesolithic population was 60% EHG and 40% WHG. Then a new migration gave it 50% Steppe admixture. The result after the process was 50% Steppe, 30% EHG and 20% WHG. If we now compare the amount of EHG to any population with different admixing history we get wrong results. I made a statistics showin EHG/WHG ratio of certain populations. I use f3-statistics pop,WHG, Mbuti and pop,EHG,Mbuti. I can't say that it gives absolutely right answers, but f3 is a well-known academic method. EHG and WHG references can even overlap to some extent. In any case, despite of the method the idea using the amount of one admixture proportion to evaluate origin of population is wrong whether it uses absolute or relative values in comparison to another population.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntftWtbw47k47LiyXtNqpcir8CyqBMxsfMOwzByJK_HA2gTBy2Tr79bglrjxbknyngGDYZR3b2UcoBx9uK2n-zMAlqM6Ug0CnALSKOce409Iv-KjcSAuxKomLyRs8LHKiApAMC8hfZPFu0F-vLMAReGD1sqAEcuP2T-Iwg7RJESyW6xxm3nR6_A/s605/ehgperwhg.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="605" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjntftWtbw47k47LiyXtNqpcir8CyqBMxsfMOwzByJK_HA2gTBy2Tr79bglrjxbknyngGDYZR3b2UcoBx9uK2n-zMAlqM6Ug0CnALSKOce409Iv-KjcSAuxKomLyRs8LHKiApAMC8hfZPFu0F-vLMAReGD1sqAEcuP2T-Iwg7RJESyW6xxm3nR6_A/s320/ehgperwhg.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-40046071823107850272022-12-19T16:09:00.005+02:002022-12-19T17:58:50.392+02:00A new Finnish study proves slavification in Middle Age Russia<p> It is like we didn't already know that Uralic speakers in the Russian heartland were Slavicized and replaced by Slavic people. The study found that this happened a few hundreds kilometers from Moscow in the western Oka river area. This is one thing we have known at least 150 years. But what we don't yet know and is more interesting. Why are Baltic Finns, Estonians and Finns, genetically much more western than those people in the supposed Oka river urheimat of Baltic Finnic speakers, and we have been more western back at least 2000 years from now. I can see an explanation in Estonia due to the high Slavic-like R1a concentration, but in Finland we have not such explanation. We have the highest N1c level in Northern Europe and our I1 differs remarkable from all Scandinavian I1 lineages. Common lineages for Finnish and Scaninavian I1 lived 3000 years ago. Yet, we have lived 2000 years in the neighborhood of Saami people, who are in a way semi-Siberians and own 20% Siberian admixture. Without Saami admixture in Finns we would likely be genetically more western than Estonians, regardless our y-dna haplogroups. Estonians got the minuscule Siberian admixture from Finns, especially during the time the Swedish realm reached the Baltic area. How do I know this? Because I have studied genealogy, read Finnish, Estonian and Scandinavian history and migrations between these countries. So what is the problem? It is lack of research of our own genetic background. Looking at the lack of enthusiasm we have in investigating our own history I suggest that we need foreign help in this matter.</p><p>A PCA plot from the study with my comment, "Estonian", "Finnish" and "supposed Balt. Finnic urheimat".</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-kRfU3nnVYjh9V2ivdHVytHdFCavfVP0oUcs84r_5496G4TijMthZN7s8PSg2J9zCD3uo9l7V09JomvqF0bTdtIbcVDsqwiIRAwNDcON08qLwmOjMhSWxpErxhFDqdwQhaftLkRqga5K4T__YVdhUgVkT1zhltVI_2Ju7VZbhtRyhV_7DPlTiKw/s4155/gr1_lrg2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4155" data-original-width="3210" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-kRfU3nnVYjh9V2ivdHVytHdFCavfVP0oUcs84r_5496G4TijMthZN7s8PSg2J9zCD3uo9l7V09JomvqF0bTdtIbcVDsqwiIRAwNDcON08qLwmOjMhSWxpErxhFDqdwQhaftLkRqga5K4T__YVdhUgVkT1zhltVI_2Ju7VZbhtRyhV_7DPlTiKw/s320/gr1_lrg2.jpg" width="247" /></a></div><br /><div><a href="https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01826-7">https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(22)01826-7</a></div>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-33031712392016591192022-12-07T16:43:00.006+02:002022-12-08T15:37:31.165+02:00Who were east Vikings?<p> East Vikings had influence over wide areas in Baltic and pre-Russian regions. They had permanent strongholds in the area of present day Latvia and on the shores of Ladogan (<span style="background-color: #f8f8fb; color: #222233; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Staraya Ladoga)</span>. Their east ways went through the Bay of Finland and Daugava river in Latvia, which was known earlier as Livonia (known also Dvina river and in Baltic Finnish languages Väinä-joki). Russian chronicles mention them as founders of the earliest Russian state. Some sources connect them to the Byzantine guard known as Varangians, but this information is contradictory. Anyway, it is shown that ancient military and traders from Scandinavia used to make long trips in a wide eastern area.</p><p>During those days it was difficult to make difference between aims of Viking trips. They can have been travellers, raiders, traders or even new settlers, or everything this at the same time. But who were they? New ancient samples give some answers. Almost 500 Viking era samples were publishes a few years ago. Were the a homogeneous group? Were they like present-day Scandinavians? My answer is yes, but also no, if we look at genetic picture of all southern Viking Age Swedes. </p><p> I made qpDstat tests for samples classified as Vikings, gathered from Sweden and the Baltic area. Mostly they were similar to present-day Scandinavians, but there are also exceptions. I found that samples from Sweden Upsala, Sweden Sigtuna and Gotland were exceptions. Those three had influence from the eastern seaside of the Baltic Sea. On the other hand samples from the Ladogan region and Viking remains found from Saaremaa (in western Estonia) were unambiguously of Scandinavian origin. My conclusion is that Upsala, Sigtuna and Gotland were international trading centres, while eastern travellers were typical Scandinavians and probably from the Southern Scandinavia. The heartland of Viking raiders was in Southern Scandinavia.</p><p>Dstat showing how modern Swedes match with Viking Age Scandinavian samples. Positive values mean that modern Swedes were closer to Viking Age Scandinavians than populations after ">"-mark were from the same Viking Age Scandinavians.</p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2EBaXiGYvyiw25SvaAoB5UmtmAglQO9Nzu31IUByQMabFAGLS5MsHSWxJKnnJrOhYl_dOq1SkewcsQu4TzwoA4J6Zw1Yrq28cpxAxeqbAwoyviSOLWQ-3pAQWbLRYouLFdEsQx0D-sr26aO63HxP8z3X5aL48hBFgiT3TN3BJYaPe6ZtisTSxA/s1408/comtomod%20swedes.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="1408" height="114" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2EBaXiGYvyiw25SvaAoB5UmtmAglQO9Nzu31IUByQMabFAGLS5MsHSWxJKnnJrOhYl_dOq1SkewcsQu4TzwoA4J6Zw1Yrq28cpxAxeqbAwoyviSOLWQ-3pAQWbLRYouLFdEsQx0D-sr26aO63HxP8z3X5aL48hBFgiT3TN3BJYaPe6ZtisTSxA/w400-h114/comtomod%20swedes.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Dstat showing geographical Viking Age populations least similar to modern Swedes. Positive values show non-Scandinavian populations being closer to the Viking Age Scandinavians in title than modern Swedes are from the same Viking Age Scandinavian group.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4TQLZsrt7I8yYdiK4GE-NiSYNNBcWuRsmOZwzm8dJR5DsZisDWvTGGgL3aGfrVEjYY_iSfVrPlsNq218TE0xRyfxzEGSYTkelCgo5_ULbUGfiyZLGIAEQUmEh-7Vf0x_vxA67K2eui71b4xN9aC0D-nWt9WRzXLuCkm2ahUtpaS_6ucbkbQrCTA/s605/frojel.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="605" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4TQLZsrt7I8yYdiK4GE-NiSYNNBcWuRsmOZwzm8dJR5DsZisDWvTGGgL3aGfrVEjYY_iSfVrPlsNq218TE0xRyfxzEGSYTkelCgo5_ULbUGfiyZLGIAEQUmEh-7Vf0x_vxA67K2eui71b4xN9aC0D-nWt9WRzXLuCkm2ahUtpaS_6ucbkbQrCTA/s320/frojel.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhokIM2MG5mC0jvJG3sk435oslTbZlXsK7t1I1x21rpe2w39tsKOWDI2gCJuzF4UecCmYBHaOni880ww3FqHY1vFmkD3xOw_W_MHGAxA_dtRkEAcDBgqLWDTPogwK1kxmNFvartt354uRVov80UWpf-YD7rtQ7dgmsirtgXbw1tklVLktSAel5N2Q/s605/koppersvik.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="605" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhokIM2MG5mC0jvJG3sk435oslTbZlXsK7t1I1x21rpe2w39tsKOWDI2gCJuzF4UecCmYBHaOni880ww3FqHY1vFmkD3xOw_W_MHGAxA_dtRkEAcDBgqLWDTPogwK1kxmNFvartt354uRVov80UWpf-YD7rtQ7dgmsirtgXbw1tklVLktSAel5N2Q/s320/koppersvik.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3igC0bUid53bQe9HSiOHbVPFaw3cnkqRFN2Wl2wPFKBN0LDH1pCMNHRr_YTInJ0kE2iQcntJfqfhis3KS2-Hn8PU681Xa6E753X9QDBGcY2SCrm9vJgEWKbgJBFUMd9KlygUj-R2pNerSvTmzBr2jJYlNajykezk6RgHOlco4kPrPy7J6BD2dA/s604/sigtuna.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="604" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjz3igC0bUid53bQe9HSiOHbVPFaw3cnkqRFN2Wl2wPFKBN0LDH1pCMNHRr_YTInJ0kE2iQcntJfqfhis3KS2-Hn8PU681Xa6E753X9QDBGcY2SCrm9vJgEWKbgJBFUMd9KlygUj-R2pNerSvTmzBr2jJYlNajykezk6RgHOlco4kPrPy7J6BD2dA/s320/sigtuna.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyuixUFLxquFnOPgDpQQ68FkEhiGVcDUvTpQ6lNpsgG0boV0fMz_lcYGRH0PjwA_m6GttUQGNczUG_1qDoc_7TEXo6ob_BGzdBTViEMlHDhy6vk5v3g02HtnuZsIitXd015JEqUwTKZj1YFYWGsSZln8Iu9ITQaN6iAlPqf86jr_pkx678OHw04Q/s604/upsala.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="430" data-original-width="604" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyuixUFLxquFnOPgDpQQ68FkEhiGVcDUvTpQ6lNpsgG0boV0fMz_lcYGRH0PjwA_m6GttUQGNczUG_1qDoc_7TEXo6ob_BGzdBTViEMlHDhy6vk5v3g02HtnuZsIitXd015JEqUwTKZj1YFYWGsSZln8Iu9ITQaN6iAlPqf86jr_pkx678OHw04Q/s320/upsala.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>Mauri is me. I have now a sample set fitting with the Human Origins data set and I can do high quality tests with it.</p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-54729967461953800602022-12-03T15:05:00.005+02:002022-12-05T20:56:26.068+02:00Who am I?<p> I have never told here my blog who I am. First, I have a genealogy research based on church and admisistrative documents reaching all my ancestrors to the end of the 17th century and certain Finnish male lineages to the beginning of the 16th century. 99% of my earliest lineages carry Finnish names and were settlers from Tavastia to the seaside of the Bothnian Bay. They supposedly moved from tavastia 500-700 ybp. During the heyday of the Swedish realm, in the 17th century I have some foreign lineages from Baltic countries, Germany and Scotland covering around 3% of my ancestry. From the end of the 18th century my ancestry is again fully Finnish by name, as well as proven by church registers. All this is essential to know before estimating my genetic ancestry. During years I have tested myself on online genetic tests, not only one or two, but maybe tens and I have a good general view about methods and about results I get averagely. Nowadays tests and the research behind them have improved, mostly the improvement is due to the growing amount of reference samples. In a few years the reference sample size is multiplied. However used methods can mislead. Basically methods can be divided into two categories: tests trying to find a prevalent ancestry using genetic fingerprints characteristic for each populations. This method is useful in a worldwide genealogical research, giving a good estimate where your ancestor comes from. Another way to estimate someone's ancestry is an orthodox admixture method using reference groups. The biggest problem in this method is how to select reference groups. Missed or wrong reference groups give false admixtures, because you can practically choose any two or more points on the genetic geography to determine one's admixtures. So be cautious! Nevetheless, real (orthodox) admixture test with wide genome sample can reveal real things with better certainty than the method searching only prevalent ancestry, simply because you typically don't know the used method and how your prevalent ancestry is found and if there are minor admixtures. Both methods can be misleading, but in the case of real admixture you can evaluate things being wrong and right, in the case of prevalent ancestry method you have not data and tools to judge the result.</p><p>My first result show that I am Finnish and this data could be published without further information. In this case it tells that my admixture looks MOSTLY like an average Finnish admixture, but some tests could find my Finnish origin by certain genetic fingerprints, which is totally a different case. Showing typical Finnish admixture doesn't tell that the Finns ARE a mixed population, only that it can be in some time frame. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPKaDUfIyLwzHYLHghMV46MIVcHgLGveQDLxWS7vCQyQRh1YS1V1u4pzRCQSIdURkAIHc5lNhSXSdjRvOK4FBnNhjyPN-zFeSa5Trmyzy5dPaMsE4xslW85FfBV46Npy_gSAaiHsj_UKi5NbGo1sctV4ZFMvxs0n1eEn41JIhZAqdhVxVW8iYseg/s743/Screenshot_20221129-142733~2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPKaDUfIyLwzHYLHghMV46MIVcHgLGveQDLxWS7vCQyQRh1YS1V1u4pzRCQSIdURkAIHc5lNhSXSdjRvOK4FBnNhjyPN-zFeSa5Trmyzy5dPaMsE4xslW85FfBV46Npy_gSAaiHsj_UKi5NbGo1sctV4ZFMvxs0n1eEn41JIhZAqdhVxVW8iYseg/s320/Screenshot_20221129-142733~2.png" width="310" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Following results show that I am according these tests, as well the Finns averagely, mixed, but there is a probability that the Finnish reference (possible also others references) is poorly selected. Changing relative position on the genetic geography I could be fully Finnish and the chosen Finnish reference mildly mixed in some other way.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtMf7jJLjd_kyJpnHmks15hwEnwIA82l61DAgP3gOeud0JgZknVKdpRriw3uzdZG8V9EHb2Ips_XZGGR_vNiWDg7tmIXYnb0jEbM666Zd9_IL5Togdpn5Piog4ja53q2s96bYip-pUZoU2JZUe_KJ0_ggK3uAyo8oInfrstx0fBodVuvsxzHqh2A/s1057/Screenshot_20221129-141851~2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1057" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtMf7jJLjd_kyJpnHmks15hwEnwIA82l61DAgP3gOeud0JgZknVKdpRriw3uzdZG8V9EHb2Ips_XZGGR_vNiWDg7tmIXYnb0jEbM666Zd9_IL5Togdpn5Piog4ja53q2s96bYip-pUZoU2JZUe_KJ0_ggK3uAyo8oInfrstx0fBodVuvsxzHqh2A/s320/Screenshot_20221129-141851~2.png" width="218" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGWDR4e_F7rb_VFmKEQsjWyD0KF73p5FFm6mM9vLge-Jas-AXtxPtZTYDScdGwSqAjgFy94l3g13ahzerSpedWIwvtTR6gQ4yt9uXcrsRVOKp0Ee0ny3KZL_Bp8lhTDfxANM_h-lKwmTJE6VW91gAP8xY9mfy85Xl6t223ihh6xf_h3CoWA-sFA/s1204/Screenshot_20221129-141954~2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidGWDR4e_F7rb_VFmKEQsjWyD0KF73p5FFm6mM9vLge-Jas-AXtxPtZTYDScdGwSqAjgFy94l3g13ahzerSpedWIwvtTR6gQ4yt9uXcrsRVOKp0Ee0ny3KZL_Bp8lhTDfxANM_h-lKwmTJE6VW91gAP8xY9mfy85Xl6t223ihh6xf_h3CoWA-sFA/s320/Screenshot_20221129-141954~2.png" width="191" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-nXatqNqLBTtRDQmyjZxff2eCexkYCUW72LWHFxB55p6Hl_IidqhUTtt3NQNJtojXoWl3pkFwHkfC-Qc04ibHiy4t_c3b3hyVYfQedLIrnL7y8gYmfifC09-6h0_pd-serfdrRSIiMsn9c1A-Y2y14tNYIAxn81z_0R-QNl3h8W7FHZtfD9Yfxw/s1039/Screenshot_20221129-142328~2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1039" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-nXatqNqLBTtRDQmyjZxff2eCexkYCUW72LWHFxB55p6Hl_IidqhUTtt3NQNJtojXoWl3pkFwHkfC-Qc04ibHiy4t_c3b3hyVYfQedLIrnL7y8gYmfifC09-6h0_pd-serfdrRSIiMsn9c1A-Y2y14tNYIAxn81z_0R-QNl3h8W7FHZtfD9Yfxw/s320/Screenshot_20221129-142328~2.png" width="222" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYUwdN2CfaZnmbj9hzJg3UY1ZfGIMX9cIXjN8q4KM20fLrQyOsuUxYgRosRHpFIAQzmPBXiStUcgfes6ahJmFeQ8cfXggZQIy_LvDvUo5JmIlMqMoKqxaXiUpbkTDIEcJFzmfziuMfc6y7fLT-rjJaFEwT2mClye4hlXvvhZB18wr2bLra2QP5ZQ/s1112/Screenshot_20221129-142239~2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1112" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYUwdN2CfaZnmbj9hzJg3UY1ZfGIMX9cIXjN8q4KM20fLrQyOsuUxYgRosRHpFIAQzmPBXiStUcgfes6ahJmFeQ8cfXggZQIy_LvDvUo5JmIlMqMoKqxaXiUpbkTDIEcJFzmfziuMfc6y7fLT-rjJaFEwT2mClye4hlXvvhZB18wr2bLra2QP5ZQ/s320/Screenshot_20221129-142239~2.png" width="207" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3427954556695420515.post-17172068494449972172022-12-02T21:09:00.004+02:002022-12-02T21:09:55.081+02:00A new Finnish study found last Hunter-Gatheters in Europe<p> This study claims that Finnish researchers have probably found a hunter-gatheter population that lived only 400 years ago on the northern seaside of the Baltic Sea. Maybe they found the first evidence of a Paleo Diet eater. In the future this kind of random evidences are growing in human remains found on southern seasides in Finland, proving possibly of living hunter-gatherer population that lived there around 2000 AD.</p><p><a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0274953">Source</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Maurihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.com0