Late Iron Age and historic Finnish samples

I then processed those Finnish less than 1000 years old samples to see how close they are to the average of modern Finns. The processing took about 11 days on an antique Intel i7-4770k processor (old, but still powerful in sequential processing) core load 4x95%, core temperature 50° C  (outdoor temp was around 30° C).  The processor is overclocked to 4 Ghz and equipped with heatpipe cooling.

The fst table is attached here, according to which these ancient samples are Finnish, excluding poor quality samples and one outlier.  The first number represents Fst, the second margin of error.  Estonian and Finnish samples for comparison.  For some reason Swedish Human Origin samples are of low quality and excluded in this test. 

AncFinns Albanian.HO 0.011 0.0007 22.774
AncFinns Basque.HO 0.016 0.0006 33.853
AncFinns Belarusian.HO 0.005 0.0007 16.687
AncFinns Bulgarian.HO 0.009 0.0007 21.411
AncFinns CEU.SG 0.008 0.0004 34.300
AncFinns Croatian.HO 0.008 0.0007 20.183
AncFinns Estonian.HO 0.004 0.0007 14.664
AncFinns FIN 0.0 0.0004 15.356
AncFinns GBR.SG 0.007 0.0004 32.802
AncFinns Hungarian.HO 0.006 0.0006 19.687
AncFinns Italian_North.HO 0.011 0.0006 27.213
AncFinns Karelian.HO 0.002 0.0006 13.159
AncFinns Lithuanian.HO 0.007 0.0007 19.564
AncFinns Mordovian.HO 0.007 0.0006 20.099
AncFinns Norwegian.HO 0.007 0.0007 19.322
AncFinns Orcadian.HO 0.009 0.0007 23.084
AncFinns Romanian.HO 0.01 0.0007 23.574
AncFinns Rusnorth.HO 0.004 0.0006 17.414

Estonian.HO Albanian.HO 0.008 0.0005 17.099
Estonian.HO Basque.HO 0.013 0.0003 42.936
Estonian.HO Belarusian.HO 0.002 0.0003 4.656
Estonian.HO Bulgarian.HO 0.006 0.0004 16.452
Estonian.HO CEU.SG 0.005 0.0003 17.522
Estonian.HO Croatian.HO 0.005 0.0003 14.002
Estonian.HO FIN 0.004 0.0003 14.716
Estonian.HO GBR.SG 0.005 0.0003 18.039
Estonian.HO Hungarian.HO 0.003 0.0003 11.087
Estonian.HO Italian_North.HO 0.009 0.0003 28.091
Estonian.HO Karelian.HO 0.005 0.0003 15.439
Estonian.HO Lithuanian.HO 0.002 0.0004 5.323
Estonian.HO Mordovian.HO 0.003 0.0002 12.244
Estonian.HO Norwegian.HO 0.005 0.0004 15.060
Estonian.HO Orcadian.HO 0.007 0.0003 21.023
Estonian.HO Romanian.HO 0.006 0.0004 17.358
Estonian.HO Rusnorth.HO 0.001 0.0002 4.661

FIN Albanian.HO 0.011 0.0004 26.164
FIN Basque.HO 0.016 0.0002 64.162
FIN Belarusian.HO 0.006 0.0003 20.520
FIN Bulgarian.HO 0.009 0.0003 29.894
FIN CEU.SG 0.008 0.0002 47.108
FIN Croatian.HO 0.008 0.0003 29.320
FIN Estonian.HO 0.004 0.0003 14.716
FIN GBR.SG 0.008 0.0002 47.075
FIN Hungarian.HO 0.006 0.0002 33.404
FIN Italian_North.HO 0.011 0.0002 49.400
FIN Karelian.HO 0.002 0.0002 9.903
FIN Lithuanian.HO 0.007 0.0003 26.003
FIN Mordovian.HO 0.006 0.0002 37.043
FIN Norwegian.HO 0.007 0.0003 24.096
FIN Orcadian.HO 0.009 0.0003 36.037
FIN Romanian.HO 0.01 0.0003 33.117
FIN Rusnorth.HO 0.004 0.0002 27.333

A little explanation of why I consider the use of such samples to be completely pointless for the study of Finnish prehistory.  I am so enthusiastic about studying Finnish migrations and this age of the samples are of course disappointing.  It may be that these can provide additional information about local development in Finland. 

Archaeologists and linguists estimate that the Baltic Finns came to the Baltic Sea region 3000 years ago and the Finnish language arrived in Finland about 1700 years ago. With this timing, these samples cannot possibly give a development trajectory different from that of modern Finns in relation to ancient migrations. Determining the origin described as important would require the use of much older samples. If we take the 1700 year arrival in Finland as the starting point, then the samples from the Merovingian Age would represent 8-20 generations in Finland and a corresponding time of mixing with the populations already living here. This  corresponds to the time that the settlers have now lived in Kuusamo, Finland after Finnish settlers came there. 

Edit 1.8.2025 20.45 Polish, IBS, TSI, German and Saami results removed due to low quality (IBS, TSI and Saami due to DG-sample set  problems).